Q4: /usr/sbin/nologin Question 1: What IP address is the attacker using ? adding a JavaScript break point to stop the red message disappearing when the and you'll see you can change any of the information on the website, including For our purposes, viewing the page source can help us discover more information about the web application. wouldn't get a flag in a real-world situation, but you may discover some HTML injection is a technique that takes advantage of unsanitized input. premium-customer-blocker Search for files with SUID permission, which file is weird ? This bonus question has been an amazing learning experience , Target: http://MACHINE_IP We get to understand what cookies are, what attributes do they have and how they are created in Flask. resources. Comments can also span multiple lines, using the exact same syntax you've seen so far. Alternatively, these can be set from JavaScript inside your browser. To really get good at it (I'm a beginner, by the way), you must learn certain core concepts and perhaps even go deep into them!Take XSS for that matter. Changing this value by logging in as a normal user, can help you reach the admin dashboard and get the flag. In both browsers, on the left-hand side, you see a list of all the resources the current webpage is using. JavaScriptNetwork - See all the network requests a page makes. that these files are all stored in the same directory. Comments are messages left by the website developer, No Answer Required. If you want to send cookies from cURL, you can look up how to do this. We need to find the beginning of the comment <!--, then everything till the end of -->. information that are of importance to us. What should be In Firefox and Safari, this feature is called Debugger, but in Google Chrome, it's called . You can click on the word block next to display and change it to another value (none for instance). What favorite beverage is shown ? confidential information could be stored here. If you right click on this pop-up and select Inspect Element, you will get to see the code. developer tools; this is a tool kit used to aid web developers in debugging Right click on the webpage and select View Frame Source. version can be a powerful find as there may be public vulnerabilities in the Remember, cookies are not shared between different browsers (Im counting cURL as a browser here). Remember this is only edited on your browser window, and when you right!! What is the admin's plaintext password ? Javascript can be used to target elements with an id attribute. One example is temporary login credentials that could provide an easy way to secure user access to a web application. Right below the second cat image, start adding a new element for an image of a dog. Make a GET request to the web server with path /ctf/get; POST request. See the image below (Spoiler warning!). Note the comments on each line that allow us to add text that wont interfere with the code: , , like so: Commenting out tags helps with debugging. This page contains a form for customers to contact the company. you'll notice the red box stays on the page instead of disappearing, and it Q6: Dr Pepper, Target: http://MACHINE_IP:8888 by providing us with a live representation of what is currently on the There are several more verbs, but these arent as commonly used for most web servers. So what if you want to comment out a tag in HTML? Element inspector assists us with this by providing us with a live representation of what is currently on the website. A single-line comment only spans one line. framework, and the website might not be using the most up to date version. To access this account, if we try something like darren (Notice the space at the end), or even darren (3 spaces in the front), for REGISTERING a new account and then we try Logging in with this account. display: block. The network tab on the developer tools can be used to keep track of Overview This is my writeup for the Cicada 3301 Vol. Change "XSS Playground" to "I am a hacker" by adding comments and using Javascript. b. This page contains a summary of what Acme IT Support does with a company Clicking on this file displays the contents of the JavaScript file. TryHackMe: Cross-Site Scripting. Linkedin : https://www.linkedin.com/in/subhadip-nag-09/, Student || Cybersecurity Enthusiast || Bug Hunter || Penetration Tester, https://tryhackme.com/room/walkinganapplication, https://assets.tryhackme.com/additional/walkinganapplication/updating-html-css.gif, https://www.linkedin.com/in/subhadip-nag-09/. The top 3 are accessible, but the last one pops up a paywall. Question 4: What is the user's shell set as ? Response headers can be very important. Otherwise multiline comments won't be found: He must be up to no good. Not Solution Based, only apply the above method again. This means that any comments you add to your HTML source code will not be shown when the document gets rendered in a web browser. This page contains a walkthrough of the How Websites Work room at TryHackMe. To add a single-line comment, just hold down the combo of keys shown above inside the code editor. Q4: /home/falcon/.ssh/id_rsa tells our browser what content to display, how to show it and adds an element what is the flag from the html comment? HTTPS is a secure (encrypted) version of HTTP, it works in more or less the same way. photo of their staff. Use a single-line comment when you want to explain and clarify the purpose behind the code that follows it or when you want to add reminders to yourself like so: Single-line comments are also helpful when you want to make clear where a tag ends. Websites have two ends: a front end and a back end. We get a really detailed description of Serialization and Deserialization. This page contains a user-signup form that consists of a username, Click on the POST line, and then select the Response tabe on the right hand side and you should see the last answer THM{GOT_AJAX_FLAG}. content.Debugger - Inspect and control the flow of a page's So to access it we need to add the machine ip to the allowed hosts 1: Admin panel flag with the given credentials we cn ssh into the machine and change the line in the settings file ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['0.0.0.0', '10.10.147.62'] include our machine ip to accesshttps://tryhackme.com/room/django it in browser Learn to code for free. This comment describes how the homepage is temporary while a new one is in development. Javascript is one of the most popular programming languages, and is used to add interactivity to websites. What is the name of the mentioned directory? We can utilize the excellent reverse shell code that is provided by pentestmonkey, After downloading the file ensure to change the file extension to .phtml and then open the code and set the IP address in the script to our machines IP Address. premade code that easily allows a developer to include common features that a What we can do, is pick out bits of The returned code is made up of HTML ( HyperText Markup Language), CSS ( Cascading Style Sheets ) and JavaScript, and its what tells our browser what content to display, how to show it and adds an element of interactivity with JavaScript. browser. All other elements are contained within >, , , ,

I am an H1 heading

,

, , . freeCodeCamp's open source curriculum has helped more than 40,000 people get jobs as developers. Using the hint (dec -> hex -> ascii), I first converted the string to hex and then from hex into textual format: I just hacked my neighbors WiFi and try to capture some packet. Have a nice stay here! This is my writeup for the Mr.Robot CTF virtual machine. From the Port Scan we have found that there are 2 ports that are open on the target and one of the port is an web server. Most browsers support putting view-source: in front of the URL for example. Q3: flag{fivefourthree}, Vulnerability: Security Misconfiguration, Target: http://MACHINE_IP My Solution: Since the user is not trying any type of specific methodology or tool, and is just randomly trying out known credentials. This Task contains a webpage simulation that looks like the image below. You'll now see the elements/HTML that make up the website ( similar to the screenshots below ). Try viewing the page source of the home page of the We click on that option Pretty Print , which looks like two braces { } to make it a little more readable, although due to the obfustication, its still difficult to comprehend what is going on with the file. (Note: exploit-db is incredibly useful, and for all you beginners you're gonna be using this a lot so it's best to get comfortable with it), Vulnerability: Insufficient Logging and Monitoring. Try typing none, and this will make the box disappear, revealing the content underneath it and a flag. Q1: No answer needed A web server is just a computer that is using software to provide data to clients. to the obfustication, it's still difficult to comprehend what is going on with the file. In Firefox, you can open the dev tools with F12. My Solution: Well, navigating to the end of the result that we recieved in the previous question, we find that the user name is clearly visible (It stands apart from the root/service/daemon users). and interact with the page elements, which is helpful for web developers to has been enabled, which in fact, lists every file in the directory. This room provides a very good basis for those who are intereseted in cryptography and wish to learn how to attempt more complex challengs. points in the code that we can force the browser to stop processing the Then. As far as the concept of cookies goes, I guess this is one of the most simple yet the most appropriate description of it that I have come across. ) This allows you to apply javascript code to any element with that id attribute, without having to rewrite the javascript code for each element. The Wonderland CTF is a free room of intermediate difficulty which tests your knowledge of privilege escalation. two articles are readable, but the third has been blocked with a floating In the developer tools is intended for debugging JavaScript, and again is an excellent feature for web developers wanting to work out why something might not be working. by Russell Pottinger | Oct 31, 2021 | Learning, TryHackMe | 0 comments. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . On the right-hand side, you should see a box that renders HTML If you enter some HTML into the box and click the green Render HTML Code button,it will render your HTML on the page; you should see an image of some cats. Click the green View Site button at the top of the task. Basically, whenever input from a client uses JS to produce an output, that input must be sanitized. Looks like there is a file embedded in the image. without interfering by changing the current web page. https://assets.tryhackme.com/additional/walkinganapplication/updating-html-css.gif. This challenge was a lot of fun, especially if you enjoy the TV show. Each line you selected will now have a comment. A boot2root Linux machine utilising web exploits along with some common privilege escalation techniques. Finally, body of the request. Each browser will store them separately, so cookies in Chrome wont be available in Firefox. My Solution: I tried a pretty amateur apporach at this. Note : We can find our machines IP Address by using ip a show eth0 and looking under the inet interface. This was pretty simple. formattings by using the "Pretty Print" option, which looks like They have a huge number of uses, but the most common are either session management or advertising (tracking cookies). I first dumped the contents into a file using xxd: $ xxd --plain spoil.png > spoil_hex_dump.txt. usually parts of the website that require some interactivity with the user.Finding The first two articles are readable, but the third has been blocked with a floating notice above the content stating you have to be a premium customer to view the article. As a pentester, we can leverage these tools to provide us with a Highlighting it gave: Using r2 we can look deeply into the file: As we can see, the flag THM{3***************0}. This has a similar functionality but isnt sent with HTTP requests by default. We get a really detailed description of how do we really use XXE payloads. (follow the right browser). View the website on this task and inject HTML so that a malicious link to http://hacker.com is shown. Comments help you document and communicate about your code and thought process to yourself (and others). Right Click on the page, and choose the Debugger option. text-align: center. 3.Whats responsible for making websites look fancy? ( Credit) cd ~ cat. This is a walk through of TryHackMe's Cross-Site Scripting module within there Jr. Hacking with just your browser, no tools or. Subhadip Nag this side, this is my first writeup in TryHackMes room, in this module i will try to explain Indroduction to WebHacking : Walking an Application. Question 1: If a cookie had the path of webapp.com/login, what would the URL that the user has to visit be ? My Solution: This is an example of moulding or re-crafting your own exploit. (1) We get to find Flags!(2) We find those flags by manipulating Cookies! Here I am making use of the wfuzz common extensions wordlist which is located at /usr/share/wordlists/wfuzz/general/extensions_common.txt on Kali Linux. The basics are as follows: Run file in the terminal. It is possible to print out data on the webpage easily by using. CSS: Cascading Style Sheets are used to style and customize the HTML elements on a website, adding colors, changing typography or layout, etc. Well, none of those actually work and thus I realised that only blank spaces can be used to check Broken Authentication successfully. What's more interesting is that you can download the 15GB wordlist for your own use as well! Simple Description: An XXE Payload TextField is given, Certain tasks are to be done. Question 2: Go to http://MACHINE_IP/reflected and craft a reflected XSS payload that will cause a popup saying "Hello". This hasnt been covered yet, but html links use the tag with the following syntax: In this case, we dont require any link text so this field will be left blank. Message button. When we try to upload the file we see that it gets uploaded successfully. Make a GET request to the web server with path /ctf/get, POST request. In the above image we see that all external files like CSS, JavaScript and Images are in assets directory. you're not sure how to access it, click the "View Site" button on the top An excellent place to start is just with your browser exploring the website and noting down the individual pages/areas/features with a summary for each one. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. Using command line flags for cURL, we can do a lot more than just GET content. the browser window at this exact time. function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); You might not notice this normally, but if you consider an attacker, then all they need to do is change the account number in the above URL and lo and behold!, all your data belongs to the attacker! Now looking at the bottom of the page source from earlier you would have seen that the page was generated using THM Framework v1.2, and there was a link next to it. Q2: No Answer Required. Thatd be disastrous! At the top of the page, you'll notice some code starting with scope of this room, and you'll need to look into website design/development If you click on the Network tab and then refresh the page, youll see all the files the page is requesting. My Solution: Once we have the admin access from the SQLite Database, we just need to login as admin and the flag appears right there. Right Click on flash.min.js in the central part of the screen and select Pretty print source to make it easier to read. Comments also help you communicate with other developers who are working on the project with you. Link to the Article. When you have a read of it, you will see code that says

so you can inspect it by clicking on it. What It Does <HR> This command gives you a line across the page. 1. this word is used. enable_page_level_ads: true If you view this Once you have the source code opened, you should see a multi-line comment near the end of the element with the login information. Question 6: Print out the MOTD. Exploit-DB has some great exploits, for almost every system out there. assets folder, you'll see a file named flash.min.js. In this case it looks like there is a few scripts getting files from the /assets/ folder, When you go to that location you will see several files, of which one is called flag.txt, and when you open that you find that the 3rd answer is THM{INVALID_DIRECTORY_PERMISSIONS}. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({ Connect to it and get the flags! Q2: No Answer Required flash.min.js file, prettifying it, finding the line with "flash[remove]" and It also reminds you what you were thinking/doing when you come back to a project after months of not working on it. The server is normally what sets cookies, and these come in the response headers (Set-Cookie). The page source is the human-readable code returned to our browser/client from the web server each time we make a request. Upon completing this path, you will have the practical skills necessary to perform security assessments against web applications and enterprise infrastructure. My Solution: This was pretty simple. breakdown of the in-built browser tools you will use throughout this room:View Source - Use your browser to view the human-readable source code of a website.Inspector The front end, also called the client side, is the part of the website that is experienced by clients. This requires understanding the support material about SQLite Databases. Cookies can be broken down into several parts. by the public, but in some instances, backup files, source code or other Question 3: How do you define a new ENTITY? The general syntax for an HTML comment looks like this: Comments in HTML start with <!-- and end with -->. Question 1: Select the correct term of the following statement: if a dog was sleeping, would this be: A) A State B) A Behaviour, P3: Insecure Deserialization-Deserialization. list of all the resources the current webpage is using. For POST requests, this is the content thats sent to the server. MYKAHODTQ{RVG_YVGGK_FAL_WXF} Flag format: TRYHACKME{FLAG IN ALL CAP} From the clue word "key" I assumed this would be some key-based cipher. wish to see until you pay. Connect to TryHackMe network and deploy the machine. No Answer Required. The first task that is performed when we are given an target to exploit is to find the services that are running on the target. Your comments can clearly explain to them why you added certain lines of code. I am a self taught white hat hacker, Programmer, Web Developer and a computer Science student from India. This option can sometimes be in submenus such as developer tools or more A DTD defines the structure and the legal elements and attributes of an XML document. Weve mentioned that Javascript can be used to add interactivity to HTML elements. Note : Ensure to deselect the URL-encode these characters option else the fuzzing is not going to work properly. The page source doesnt always represent whats shown on a webpage; this is because CSS, JavaScript and user interaction can change the content and style of the page, which means we need a way to view whats been displayed in the browser window at this exact time. My Understanding of IDOR: IDOR or Insecure Direct Object Reference, is an important vulnerability which comes under Broken Access Control.Being able to access data which is not meant to be accessed by normal users, is an exaple of Broken Access Control. My Solution: This is pretty simple, but can spell chaos if it happens in an actual application! I tried a few different ones with various keys and eventually found the flag using the Vigenere cipher with the key THM: 581695969015253365094191591547859387620042736036246486373595515576333693. activity or hacking. tabs, spacing and newlines ) have been removed to make the file smaller. inspect, Most websites will use more than just plain html code, and as such these external files (normally CSS and JavaScript files) will be called from a location somewhere on the site. (similar to the screenshot below). Sometimes attempt to exploit them to assess whether or not they are. A huge thanks to tryhackme for putting this room together! JavaScript is a programming language that runs in the browser and allows you to make pages interactive or load extra content. While we could change the text manually, in this example we will instead use JS to target elements with an id of demo, which includes the

element that we want to change. Question 1: How do you define a new ELEMENT ? This is a Caeser cipher with a shift value of 7. My Solution: Now see, this is something important to note. My Solution: This seemed difficult at first, on running cat /etc/passwd, even though all the users were displayed, still I wasn't able to figure out much. Deploy the machine No answer required Task 2. 4 more parts. just with your browser exploring the website and noting down the individual -Stored XSS. I navigated into the framework page and downloaded and tmp.zip I arrived with a flag. If you scroll to the bottom of the flash.min.js file, youll see the line: flash['remove']();. Click the green View Site button at the top of the Task. line 31: If you view further down the page source, there is a hidden link to a HTML defines the structure of the page, and the content. My Solution: This is similar to Question 3. instead of window.location.hostname, just use document.cookie.

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