controlled variables in bouncing ball experiment

Therefore the height the ball bounces will be proportional to the height that the ball is dropped from up to a certain point, where the ball begins to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. When the ball rebounds, its stored energy reappears and it leaps higher into the air than it would have had you dropped it a shorter distance. Is a bouncing ball an example of potential energy? WebControlled Variables: Bouncy ball used, surface bounced off of, technique in which ball was dropped (initial height was measured from base of ball). This is correct unless the ball shows signs of reaching terminal velocity. This means it will be travelling the same speed when it hits the ground. Specially look for parts that discuss the gas pressure and physical properties of gases. In this experiment you will measure the bounce of a dropped ball for different release heights. From this I am able to determine that the experiment was very accurate. The dependent variable is how high the ball bounces. Control variables include the type of ball, the surface that it is dropped onto and the size of the ball. 3. Testing reaction times can be investigated by dropping a ruler and seeing how quickly someone can grab it. The independent variable is the person who is trying to catch the ruler. Report DMCA Overview Also the mass of the ball affects the chances of the ball reaching its terminal velocity. If you follow the motion of either ball, youll realize that theres a moment halfway through its bounce when the ball is perfectly motionless in contact with the floor. A thrown or batted ball may travel faster than the terminal speed, but it will experience a large drag force from the air which is greater than its weight. As the ball flattening upon impact with the floor is not visible as it happens so quickly it would be almost impossible to measure the size of the ball on impact with the floor. WebControl variables include the size of pots, the type of soil and the position in a room. When dropped on a solid surface, not even a super ball bounces back as high as its initial height, but some balls do bounce a lot better than others. Use the same point on the ball (top) or (bottom) when judging both the height Improvements that could be made to the experiment if future work was to be done: To provide additional relevant evidence I would conduct further work as follows; I would like to conduct the same experiment in a vacuum. Summary of task. This means for the ball to reach terminal velocity the drag force has to be bigger and for the drag force to be bigger the ball has to fall faster (so that more air particles hit the ball every second). The procedure allowed me to observe the affects of the height from which a table tennis ball was dropped from upon the height to which it bounced. A decrease in h1, assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results in a decrease in GPE. It was difficult to accurately measure the height of the bounce. This is because the ball starts with more GPE. Sometimes variables are linked and work together to cause something. After the ball reaches terminal velocity, no more GPE is converted into KE is the ball cannot get any faster. By the time the ball comes briefly to a stop, most of its missing energy has been stored in its dented surface. If you choose to study on the effect of air pressure inside the ball, your variables will be defined like this: Independent variable (also known as manipulated variable) is the balls air pressure. the initial height of your ball when you released it. The moving ball gains kinetic energy when it bounces, and loses potential energy as it falls. The distance along the ramp which the balls rolls. Find out about the physics of a dropped ball. It therefore hits more air particles each second and so the force of drag is bigger the faster the ball goes. Conveniently enough, this fraction of returned energy is nearly independent of how much energy the ball had to begin with. It is always important for students, parents and teachers to know a good source for science related equipment and supplies they need for their science activities. Is the measurement method questionable or unreliable? The change in direction when the ball reaches the ground causes a momentary acceleration as seen in the acceleration graph (as acceleration). 1. The exact interval will be determined after the preliminary experiment, as will the number of heights that the ball will be dropped from. That height fraction is equal to the fraction of energy that the ball successfully stored and returned during its bounce. A controlled variable is one which the researcher holds constant (controls) during an experiment. This is because it is the easiest and quickest variable to alter. A bouncing ball follows a projectile motion which is moving near the surface of the earth in a curved path due to the effect of gravity. Maybe you are reading a scale incorrectly, or maybe the measuring instrument is working erratically. C) Frozen tennis balls will not bounce as high. It is the most basic kind of energy. This is why it h2will be from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. This will be a table tennis ball. WebThis experiment,is an investigation into the maximum height of the bounce of a ping pong ball when it is first released.This is because of the unpredictability of the bounce not always reaching the same height.This we can assume their are many factors effecting the bounce of the ping pong ball.The following experiment will determine how different Perform this test in a Gym or anywhere else where you have a hard surface and an accessible wall. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. Research questions therefore always refer to two variables, and the relationship between them. An investigation of the factors that influence the bounce height of a tennis ball when dropped onto the floor could consider the drop height and the type of surface the ball is dropped onto. The investigation could try to answer these research questions: This would provide evidence on how the height from which the ball is dropped from affects the height to which it bounces without air resistance. Our dependent variable was. Many questions are related. The ball weighs exactly 2.5g. Drag is a squared function of velocity and therefore as the ball drops drag increases a greater amount each second. The higher the height from which the ball was dropped from, the higher the height to which it bounced. Several smooth hard flat horizontal surfaces suitable for bouncing ballsfloors, lab tables, sidewalks, and the like. Find sections related to potential energy, elasticity and springs. Taking an average of several results creates a measurement in the middle of the variation created by the experiment, which is the result that is closest to the height that would be recorded for the balls bounce if it were measured in an experiment that was totally accurate. Keep track of where you got your information from. Using the trends in your experimental data and your experimental observations, try to answer your original questions. What you have learned may allow you to answer other questions. You will need an assistant, so one person will drop the ball and the other person stands about 20 feet away and records how high it bounces. These two results were excluded when averages were being calculated and therefore the average variation between results used for calculating the average was even less than 3cm. Also the ball flattening upon impact doesnt have to be taken into account whereas if one was measuring from the top of the ball as it hits the floor to the top of the ball before dropping it or at the top of its arc after bouncing or the middle of the ball as it hits the ground to the middle of the ball before dropping it or the middle of the ball at the top of its bounce then the fact that the ball flattens momentarily on impact with the floor would have to be taken into account. Draw a graph of bounce height Vs drop height. Bounce/Release is the relation of bounce height to the release height. These are parts of the experiment that you try to keep constant throughout an experiment so that they won't interfere with your test. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. The only difference is that no experimental variables are changed. A) scientific method. Each of the following experiments tests a different hypothesis. Aim The aim of this experiment is to investigate the efficiency of a bouncing ball, and the factors which affect its efficiency. It will be vinyl tiling. Using the geometric sequence for an infinite sequence and substituting the given values we get: \(S_{\infty} = 2 \cdot \frac{\alpha}{1-r} = 2 \cdot \frac{6m}{1-0.38} = 19.35 m\). A series of experiments that includes a control is called a controlled experiment.. You will be able to precisely measure the time intervals between bounces. There you will find helpful links that describe different types of science projects, scientific method, variables, hypothesis, graph, abstract and all other general basics that you need to know. Air density will not change enough to affect the flight of the ball seeing as all the results will be collected during a brief period on one day. Please note that many online stores for science supplies are managed by MiniScience. " External factors, i.e. You are NOT going to perform this experiment. List three. The average variation between results was 3cm. It was decided that the first drop would start at 2m off the floor and then move down in intervals of 10cm to 10 cm off the floor. A ball falls from a height of 3 metres. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. It is always good to have an explanation for choosing any hypothesis. This is Newtons Third Law of Motion- for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Have all your study materials in one place. A control variable is any factor that is controlled or held constant during an experiment. The higher h1, the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. What is happening to the balls energy with each bounce? The mass of the ball will affect the height the ball bounces to because it affects the balls starting energy. This will hopefully discount any anomalies automatically and leave us with three accurate and reliable results. It is also good to calculate the coefficient of restitution of your ball using the formula CoR = v/v = sqrt(h/h). WebVariables: Height from which the ball is dropped Mass of the ball Material ball is made from External factors, i.e. Its a good idea to bounce it on a level surface, and dont release from too great a height, or while bouncing, the ball will wander away from the sound recorder range. The last term can be the lowest height of the ball before it comes to an end as seen below. To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. We have a new and improved More thermal energy is also produced. What does the motion of a bouncing ball look like? Drag is a squared function of velocity and therefore as the ball drops drag increases a greater amount each second. The CoR can be measured directly by velocity measurements but often it is handier to measure the height of rise of the ball after it bounces relative to the height that it fell. Your bibliography must contain sources that are available to you (at your school or local library). Repeat your tests 9 more times and each time lower the release height for 6 inches. where m is the mass of the moving object, and v is the velocity of the moving object. How well a ball bounces deals with its coefficient of restitution. H is the height of the ball before it is dropped. Instead, as the ball is still always loosing GPE so long as it is still falling, all GPE is converted into thermal energy. A real-life bouncing ball example would experience an oscillatory motion which would gradually lose energy, causing the height of the bounce to reduce over time until eventually, the ball came to a stop. If the KE is the same as they hit the ground the energy stored in the ball as elastic potential energy will be the same also. Averages are more reliable than using one result as they take into account variation between results. 2. Find the infinite distance of travel. It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. WebHave them list all the variables they think will affect ball bounce. These stages are continuously repeated and shown in the sequence below. Another experiment would be necessary to determine this for certain. If possible, have a scientist review the procedure with you. 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For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (C, ) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v, ) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v, If a ball is dropped in a vacuum. For a perfectly elastic bounce (the ultimate super ball), e =1; and for an inelastic bounce (like clay dropping on the floor), e =0. As drag is a squared function, proportional to the square of the velocity, it is impossible to calculate the velocity that the ball hits the floor at. All of the factors that could have affected the results that were uncontrollable could have produced variations between results. If the common ratio of the sequence is between 0 and 1, then the term r would approach zero. B) Using the conservation of energy, find the velocity of the ball before it hits the ground from a height of three metres. If you change more than one at a time, you will not know what variable is causing your observation. Often, mathematical equations can be made from graphs. This causes the amplitude of the height to reduce over time and eventually come to a stop due to friction forces like air resistance, which are assumed to be zero in an ideal scenario. For example this is a sample explanation. It bounces off, changing the direction of motion and again reaching its maximum height. Studying tables and graphs, we can see trends that tell us how different variables cause our observations. The ball then rebounds: it undents and tosses itself up into the air to a good fraction of its original height. The surface onto which the ball is dropped upon will be kept the same. WebThis experiment,is an investigation into the maximum height of the bounce of a ping pong ball when it is first released.This is because of the unpredictability of the bounce not always reaching the same height.This we can assume their are many factors effecting the bounce of the ping pong ball.The following experiment will determine how different WebA) If a tennis ball is frozen, it won't bounce as high as one that is not frozen. B) If this is an ideal scenario where energy is not lost and the ball continues to bounce infinitely, what is the distance of travel? This would mean that one could re-examine the height to which it bounced to and find it exactly instead of having to make a split second judgement which is not half as accurate. Hypothesis. If you have any questions or need more support about this project, click on the Ask Question button on the top of this page to send me a message. We felt the magic immediately.". A series of experiments is made up of separate experimental runs. During each run you make a measurement of how much the variable affected the system under study. Choose one of the variables you listed in #4, and design an experiment to test it. Measure the height the ball reaches after the first bounce and record. Here, the motion of a real bouncing ball is shown. As there is more GPE more energy is converted into KE (The ball is going faster, KE=1/2mv. A geometric sequence is a progression where each term is related to the previous term, and it is related to the previous term by a number r, which is known as the common ratio of the sequence. To do that use the scroll button to start, then use arrow keys to move your wave 0.1 second left or right. Air pressure will affect the balls fall slightly as the concentration of air particles per cubic meter varies with air pressure. WebControl Variable: Simple Definition. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. In this experiment you will drop a ball on a hard surface such as table and record the sounds it makes when it bounces using a computer and any sound recorder program. Is a bouncing ball an example of simple harmonic motion? Variables that may affect the bounce of a dropped ball are: You may study the effect of any of these variables on the bounce of a dropped ball. 2. Then when dropping the ball again eye level was kept level with the blue tack. Charged Particle in Uniform Electric Field, Electric Field Between Two Parallel Plates, Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Wire, Mechanical Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion, Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa Experiment, Electromagnetic Radiation and Quantum Phenomena, Centripetal Acceleration and Centripetal Force, Total Internal Reflection in Optical Fibre. Data Table 2: Average Bounce Height at Each Height: Graph 1: Height of Ball drop versus Height of ball bounce: Our data indicates that the hypothesis was incorrect. The equipment necessary to generate these conditions was not available and as a result the results obtained were not one hundred percent accurate. CoR = coefficient of restitution = (speed after collision)/(speed before collision). WebThe scientific method consists of five steps: -Observation/research: The first step is to research and collect as much background information on your chosen question as you can. At 2ft, the basketball bounced 15 inches, the tennis ball bounced 12 inches, and the golf. In this experiment the only variable that we modify is the type or flexibility of bounce surface and we keep all other variables unchanged. In a real-life scenario, the ball will eventually stop moving due to external forces such as air. Review each step of the procedure to find sources of potential errors. An increase in h1, assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h1 which results in an increase in GPE. A ball falls from a height of 6 metres. As in both cases the main form of energy is GPE it follows that the higher the ball is dropped from, the higher the ball will bounce. Create and find flashcards in record time. Newton's third law states that every force or action has an equal and opposite reaction. changing air density, temperature. The balls finish up with the same amount of energy and the only energy given out is thermal energy. Hold the ball at 6 feet height and release it. So an imperfect ball loses some energy on each bounce. This would allow the actual coefficient to restitution to be calculated. The ball did not reach terminal velocity however as it did not have enough time to accelerate to its terminal velocity. WebControlled Variables: -Golf ball -PVC piping -Angle of Ramp Our controlled variable was Manipulated Variable: -Release point -Distance ball bounces Our manipulated variables was: Dependent Variable: The distance in centimeters from bounce 1 to bounce 2. 8. What is the velocity of the ball at the point of maximum height? Temperature will not affect the balls bounce either as the experiment will be conducted at room temperature, thus not allowing the floor to get cold and in doing so alter its affect upon the ball on impact. If a ball reaches terminal velocity at 20cm from the floor when dropped from 2m, it will reach terminal velocity at 10cm from the floor when dropped from 1.9m. The first stage is where the ball bounces from the surface of the ground. When you think you know what variables may be involved, think about ways to change one at a time. \(E_{pot} = E_{kin} \cdot m \cdot g \cdot h = \frac{1}{2} \cdot m \cdot v^2\). Also it shows inaccuracies in the experiment as it shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. The first thing to check is how you are making your measurements. The relative height of the bounce should be h/h = CoR2 = 0.72 = 0.49. Use a uniform surface to drop the ball onto. It was difficult to get down to the exact level of the blue tack seeing as it meant lowering your entire upper body in the short amount of time taken for the ball to hit the floor and rebound again to get your eye level from h, (where the blue tack was stuck, approximately). This denting extracts energy from the balls motion and stores much of it in the elastic surfaces of the floor and ball. The higher the air pressure the more air particles per cubic meter. Following are some sample information that you may find: Everyone has played with balls that bounce, but few people truly understand the physics behind a bouncing ball. Yes, as the ball is oscillating about the equilibrium position (in height) and goes back to its initial position after a period of time. Data table 2 indicates that on average tennis ball bounced to a lower height than it was dropped from. Using the slope and graph, we can estimate that the ball would bounce to 0.75 m if dropped from 1.5 m and bounce to 1 m if dropped from 2 m. It is difficult to say with certainty that a ball dropped from 100 m would bounce to 50 m. That is because the heights we dropped the tennis ball from were all under 1 m, and at a much greater distance there may be other factors that would contribute to the bounce height. This will be called the average of the middle three repeats. The total energy of the system remains the same; the potential energy changes to kinetic energy, but no energy is lost. Additional list of material can be extracted from the experiment section. As elasticity and hardness decreases, part of the ball energy will be used to permanently dent or misplace or vibrate the surface, so ball will have less energy to bounce. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. These stages can also be represented graphically using three plots including a displacement, velocity, and acceleration vs time graph. Based on these trends, we can draw conclusions about the system under study. Advanced levels of experimental science rely heavily on graphical and mathematical analysis of data. Changes in the area of linoleum floor tile that the ball collided with may have affected the height to which it bounced to thus producing variation between results.

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