metcalfe and wiebe gave participants problems to solve

Therefore, the two problems have very differenta. a. demonstrate a difference between how people experience solving insight and non-insight problems. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. well-definedd. noticing, mapping, and applying.c. /Encoding 16 0 R Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps: a. restructuring, searching, and simulating. /Subtype /Type1 16 0 obj /BaseFont /Courier-Bold Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution ____ prior to the solution of an insight problem and ____ prior to the solution of a non-insight problem.a. c. It is the cornerstone of creativity. In studies such as Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987), when participants were presented with two sets of different predefined questions that were either Differences can also be attributed to other factors. When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process? Later, she analyzes the recorded discussions, identifying certain problem-solving techniques. Examples of such tests are the Product improvement task and the Ununsual uses tests. endobj the tendency to respond in a certain manner, based on past experience.d. The authors argued that the difference between concomitant phenomenological insight and incremental problem solving can be used to define insight. Gestalt psychologists consider problem solving as a process involving reorganization or restructuring. Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association, The Three Types Of Creativity And Artificial Intelligence, Guilford's Model Of Creativity Research Essay, Obstacles That Get In The Way Of Problem-Solving And Decision-Making. c. inductive reasoning based on observations of multiple, specific cases. move the solver directly from the initial state to the goal state.c. means-end analysis.c. Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? In analogical problem solving, the_____ problem is the problem that an individual is trying to solve, and the ________ problem, which has been solved in the past, is used as a guide for reaching that solution. prior learning hindering problem solving.c. . The correct option is b). a single correct answerd. Holly's ability to solve the "dish up the soup" problem was hindered by which of the following obstacles? /F3 5 0 R /Font << Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Wally and Sharon are out on a date. endobj /Encoding 16 0 R This is an example of using reasoning. We'll bring you back here when you are done. /Type /Font d. degree of risk aversion one has. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. solve insight problems.b. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem . representation and restructuring.b. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? Mutilated checkerboard problemd. In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientists who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields. The purpose of this experiment was to, The ability to shift experience from one problem solving situation to a similar problem is known as, The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving. 2. b. match box can be used as a shelf. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems?a. b. a person's mental set can hinder finding a solution to a problem. was to: demonstrate a diff. Stereotypes are reinforced by all of the following EXCEPT, Gabrielle is blonde, extremely attractive, and lives in an expensive condo. c. misjudge homicide as more prevalent in the U.S. than suicide. 3 0 obj May 2013. {"cdnAssetsUrl":"","site_dot_caption":"Cram.com","premium_user":false,"premium_set":false,"payreferer":"clone_set","payreferer_set_title":"Quiz 12","payreferer_url":"\/flashcards\/copy\/quiz-12-2532023","isGuest":true,"ga_id":"UA-272909-1","facebook":{"clientId":"363499237066029","version":"v12.0","language":"en_US"}}. The radiation problem, In the two-string problem, tying the pliers to one of the strings best represents a(n) ____ state.a. Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? /Type /Encoding spend less time analyzing problemsb. The shoe problem: A first-grade class is using a trampoline in gym class, so all the children have removed their shoes, which are all jumbled in a large pile. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? the sudden realization of a problem's solution. The purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. Newell and Simon were early pioneers in designing computer programs that could solve problems. Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a: Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. With the cartons, Ali made several bird feeders for his backyard and also planted tree seedlings in some of them; he used the remaining ones to build a "fort" for his four-year-old son. analogiesb. In this case, the police officer's judgments are biased by the operation of the, Given its definition, expected utility theory is most applicable to deciding whether to. frequently used object.d. Goal is to tie two strings together which are too far apart to be reached. Sales of their calcium-enhanced OJ have been poor, and the product was cancelled. The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving. /Name /F9 creative cognition.c. 35. When a tsunami happens, and an oceanic and continental plate collide, which plate is pushed underneath? b. are influenced by the atmosphere effect. That light bulb going off can possibly be due to insight. The purpose of this experiment was to: demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight. The students were very creative. take a more effective approach to a problem, Take a more effective approach to a problem, In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientists who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields. c. how to develop computer programs that best mimic human problem solving. /Encoding 16 0 R bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state.d. present one sample design for a brief period.c. The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving.a. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. /Name /F3 << ____ identified people's tendency to focus on a specific characteristic of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving.a. The information processing approach describes problem solving as a process involvinga. the purpose of the exp. Glinda is sure that if her boyfriend proposes, she will feel elation. target; sourcec. has no correct answer.d. His factory still had three cases of cartons, and Ali was told he could take them if he wanted them. In the movie Apollo 13, astronauts aboard a damaged spacecraft have to build a carbon dioxide filter out of random items that are aboard the ship with them. /BaseFont /Times-Bold To solve this problem, participants needed to tie the pliers to one of the strings to create a . Cassandra has five chapters to red for her upcoming midterm, and she finds the thought of sitting down and reading hundreds of pages at once overwhelming. Convergent thinkinga. The purpose of this experiment was to: Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? present one sample design throughout the task.d. a. how similar the objects in the problem are. EXPERIMENT 1 Method Subjects. >> /Type /Font a. match box can be used as a container for tacks. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection. the water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us from: seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. /Encoding 16 0 R Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. a.the solution is immediately obvious. Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involves: In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. She decided to wait until her mother-in-law returned to ask her, Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness?a. Once they created an object they were given the name of an object category and instructed to interpret their creation as a practical object or device within that category. Finke's "creating an object" experiment had participants create a novel object by combining parts. Likening the dangerous mines to the dangerous tumorb. The title for chapter eight was Analogizing which is commonly misinterpreted as similarities between objects or concepts. warmth judgments on nearness to a solution _____ prior to the solution of an insight problem & ______ prior to the solution of a non-insight one. insight.d. the purpose of the exp. Conclusion: The sun is going to rise in Nashville tomorrow. Greg's friend, Matt, didn't believe his story because Matt knew that tuna are salt-water fish and aren't found in ponds. /Name /F4 creating subgoals, In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checker-board problem. The analogy that makes the solution to the mutilated checkerboard problem obvious is the ______ problem. When Sharon asks Wally where they should go for dinner, Wally says "My coworkers keep telling me about that new Japanese place downtown, so it must be a great place to eat." In analogical problem solving, the ________ problem has higher difficulty than the ________ problem. b. how useful a reasoning process is. /BaseFont /Courier-BoldOblique Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. The purpose of this experiment was to a. demonstrate a difference between how people Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. One of the main points states an an Carroll (1993), for example, viewed divergent thinking tasks as markers of an FO (Originality/Creativity) factor. A _____ string led to a restructured representation in the two-string problem.a. Participants in the ____ group had the fastest response time. b. laboratory and real-world settings. >> Ali works for Citrus Squeeze, a company that makes orange juice. a. performance is better for the concrete task. to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. The purpose of this experiment was to Tw string problem Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? Only one acrobat may jump at a timec. 8. subgoals. b. show how people progress through the . /degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered not present a sample design.b. Curious is studying the effect of ________ on problem solving. analogical transfer.c. b. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem for aliens. The evolutionary approach proposes that the Wason problem can be understood in terms of people's. d. Lydia is a state governor and active in the feminist movement. candle can be cut in half.d. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. Continuing to take the street to the north represents ___________. The radiation problem can be solved usinga. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? blankb. << b. situationally-produced mental set, c. environmental functional fixedness. In the Tower of Hanoi problem, the____ state involves having three discs stacked on the left peg, with the middle and right pegs empty. The medium acrobat is on the left of the large a. /F11 13 0 R The text's discussion of the research on in vivo problem solving highlighted that ____ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems. >> c. had been preselected as "creative" individuals. b. Lydia is a U.S. Congresswoman and active in the feminist movement. All cats have wings. Gestalt psychologists consider problem solving as a process involvinga. parity.d. well-defining, insighting, and m. People are most successful at noticing an analogous relationship between problems if they focus ona. Intermediate states can be created bya. Gestalt psychologi, Holly was in her mother-in-law's kitchen preparing lunch for the family. All of the exams use these questions; Ch1 - Focus on Nursing Pharmacology 6e Instructor Test Bank; IS2080C - Lab4 Excel . Holyoak and Koh presented different versions of the light bulb problem to assist in solving the radiation problem. people arrive at the solution to an insight problem suddenly, but proceed more methodically t. The way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving. are better at reasoning in generalc. The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences betweena. Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involves. >> /ProcSet 15 0 R Tower of Hanoic. well- and ill-defined problems. d. subjective utility values following a decision. The purpose of this experiment was to . Lydia is 48 years old, single, outspoken, and very bright. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. c. the tendency to respond in a certain manner, based on past experience. exemplar; source. >> In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. The purpose of the experiment was to; a. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem. 13 0 obj surface; enhancec. endobj warmth Insight- remain low until just before the problem is solved, Successful problem-solving is a result of, restructuring the representation of the problem, focus on specific characteristics of the problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution, restricting the use of an object to its familiar functions, functional fixedness hinders problem solving. Someone who has devoted much time to learning about a particular field, ___ categorize problems by surface features, Divergent thinking can be associated with ill-defined problems which ________ can be associated with well-defined problems, ___________ occurs when a sample design inhibits creative thinking, Ideas that precede the creation of a finished creative produce are called__________. Gestalt psychologist consider problem solving as a process involving: the circle problem, in which the task is to determine the length of a line inside a circle was proposed to illustrate: the sudden realization of a problem's solution. /Type /Font /Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex/Idieresis to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Which of the following is not true about divergent thinking? The "creative cognition" approach that Finke used to get people to "invent" useful objects, is an example of, PFC-damaged patients have trouble with reading comprehension tasks. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? Using a tire as a swing seat and as a football practice targetc. Russian marriage, Dr. /dieresis/.notdef/ring/cedilla/.notdef/hungarumlaut/ogonek/caron surfacing, structuring, and generalizing.d. Bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. Please upgrade to Cram Premium to create hundreds of folders! When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. ______ identified people's tendency to focus on a specific charac. c. Mutilated checkerboard problem, The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us from. Your textbook suggests that a trait that appears to be common to both mental illness and creativity is . goal state.d. b. ability to work well with a group of others. One stop for all your course learning material, explainations, examples and practice questions. /onesuperior/grave/acute/circumflex/tilde/macron/breve/dotaccent functional fixednessc. Curious is doing a follow-up study to the mutilated checkerboard problem experiment. Using a juice glass as a container for orange juice. think-aloud p, The text's discussion of the research on in-vivo problem solving highlighted that ____ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems.a. 4 0 obj When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process? >> /Name /F12 Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. 15 0 obj History 1301-Ch. The ability to transfer experience from one problem solving situation to a similar problem is known asa. The purpose of this experiment was to ( Multiple Choice) Question 19 Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a freeway. insight.b. a. seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. 1 0 obj 17. endobj << Metcalfe and Wiebe found that heat levels gradually increased before people found an adequate solution to the former type of problem, whereas the latter type of problem called "incremental" problems. Whereas Metcalfe and Wiebe's (1987) participants provided a final warmth rating that indicated that they were certain they found the solution, our participants were instructed to provide warmth ratings only before they reached the solution, and the solution itself acted as the final rating. Bonnie placed an order yesterday, and she expects to receive her order tomorrow. well-definedc. /Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla endobj Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987)gave participants problems that required insightful solutions and problems that could be answered using incremental problem-solving techniques.While attempting to solve problems,they asked the participants to report if they felt they were getting closer to the answer,using a hot-cold scale.Reports that they were getting "warm" predicted the ability to solve: Two-string problemc. /BaseFont /Helvetica-Bold After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, even though it is a slightly longer route. Curious is doing a follow-up study to the mutilated checkerboard problem experiment. the means-end analysis, To reduce the likelihood of design fixation when completing a creative design task, you shoulda. /Subtype /Type1 b. noticing, mapping, and applying. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. << She decided to wait until her mother-in- law returned to ask her where the ladle was, leaving the soup in the stove pot. He is worried that if he takes the job and fails, he will suffer from intense anxiety and depression. a. Likening the dangerous mines to the dangerous tumor, b. This is an example of. c. structural features. is open-ended.b. The analogy that makes the solution to the mutilated checkerboard problem obvious is the ____ problem.a. The ability to shift experience from one problem solving situation to a similar problem is known as, The radiation problem can be solved using. She takes the street to the north. Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. as a school of thought in Germany, about the same time, Studied chimpanzee behavior on the island of Tenerife of the Canary Islands off Africas. All birds have wings. surface and deep structures.d. /Subtype /Type1 goal state.c. experts and novices.b. the role of insight in creativity.c. a goal stated. Kaplan & simon's exp., presented diff. After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, even though it is a slightly longer route. ______ identified people's tendency to focus on a specific charac. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. 10 0 obj algorithms.c. Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because: Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify ________ for the problems. Dual systems theory suggests that we have two systems that operate in cognition: one involving a fast, intuitive, non-conscious process, and the other, a slower, reflective, conscious processing system. had been pre-selected as "creative" indi, In Belilock and Carr's study of the relationship between working memory capacity and problem solving, individuals with high working memory capacity performed best in the ______ condition.a. c. what positive and negative feelings will occur following a decision to the same degree. target, Ali works for Citrus Squeeze, a company that makes orange juice. The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between. /Encoding 16 0 R endobj representation and restructuring.d. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? Later, she analyzes the recorded discussions, identifying certain problem-solving techniques. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. The lengths of the sides of a triangle are given. subgoals.c. was whether warmth ratings would predict problem solving dierently depending on whether the problems were multistep problems/puzzles (e.g., the Tower of Hanoi task), or vignette descriptions previously demonstrated to give rise to insight solutions (e.g., the "water lilies problem"). /Name /F1 colorc. the best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine: what info. The argument is weak because there is only one specific case. than about differences in information processing associated with the presence or absence of insight. d. The argument is strong because there are a large number of observations and there is evidence about how the earth turns on its axis. /Name /F11 Acrobats must be of equal weightd. How will Janet retrieve the book? Identifying techniques of problem solving. Except for one order, all orders have arrived within two business days. in vivo problem solving. sourceb. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. endobj c. people often have to backtrack within the problem space to arrive at an answer to a problem. The finding that people tend to incorrectly conclude that more people die from tornados than from asthma has been explained in terms of the, Mia has lived in New York City all her life. 18 0 obj familiar object.c. Amber take. Experts possess more knowledge about their fields than novices. Newell and Simon called the conditions at the beginning of the problem thea. a preconceived notion about how to do something, This problem involves the use of equations and, starting at problem 8, doesn't require the typical equation. endobj 14 0 obj Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. d. incorrectly apply the permission schema. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before th, Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection, Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps:a. restructuring, searching, and simulating.b. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. 22 . Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Some were measures of a kind of interpretive problem called "divergent thinking," or the capacity to concoct many responses to a problem. the elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT: The typical purpose of subgoals is to ___, bring the problem solver closer to the goal state, The best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine, what information a person is attending to while solving a problem, using the solution of one problem in order to solve another problem is called, The solution to the Russian Marriage problem can be applied to solving the _____ problem, Dunker's radiation problem involved the destruction of a, The restructured radiation problem is solved by dividing the _____ into many, When solving analogous source problems, most people don't make the connection between the _______ story and the target problem, Analogical problem solving requires people to __________ a relationship between a source story and a target story, Correspondence between a source sorry and a target story is called, The underlying principle that governs the solution process of analogical transfer is called, People can discover the similar structural features between two problems using a learned technique called. of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving. Holly's ability to solve the "dish up the soup" problem was hindered by which of the following obstacles? d. take astronomy or geology as a physical science elective course. Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem? how similar the objects in the problem are.b. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection.v. tan\tantan(-u) = _____. Metcalfe & Wiebe gave participants problems to solve & asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. - insight problem solvers are not aware of how close they are to the solution. Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. She has noticed that people from upper Manhattan walk really fast, but people from lower Manhattan tend to walk slowly. Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as. Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps, Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 25 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. she attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. Gentner and Goldinmeadow (2003) illustrated that analogical encoding causes problem solvers to pay attention to _______ features that _______ their ability to solve other problems. In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientist who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields. restructuring.b. initial, The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us froma. d. tendency to detect when others are cheating. had received training in creative thinking.c. /Encoding 16 0 R The purpose of the experiment was to; demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. mental set. Bonnie is using. >> the need to overcome a difficult obstacle with no obvious solution available. d. well- and ill-defined problems. /Subtype /Type1 Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if. b. move the solver directly from the initial state to the goal state. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. endobj Metcalfe & Wiebe (1987) had participants solve insight and noninsight problems, and make "warmth" ratings (from 1 to 7) every 15 seconds as they were working on the problems participants gave a warmer rating (closer to 7) when they felt like they were getting; a cooler rating (closer to 1) when they felt like they were far from a .

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