coastal plain industries

Natural resources (see Key Message 3), industry, the local economy, and the population of the region are at increasing risk to these extreme events. Site Map. Choose from 63 different sets of term:fishing = industry in the coastal plain region flashcards on Quizlet. As sea levels have risen locally in the last one hundred years, the storm water systems in these areas are no longer able to perform as designed. Implementation of these strategies has already resulted in a reduction in water consumption in the city of Atlanta, relieving strain on the water utility and increasing resilience.50. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, 76 pp. A state of emergency was declared in four states from Florida north to Virginia and in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and, for the first time ever, Atlanta was placed under a tropical storm warning.105,106,107,108 In Florida, a record 6.8 million people were ordered to evacuate, as were 540,000 coastal residents in Georgia and untold numbers in other coastal locations.102,109,110 Nearly 192,000 evacuees were housed in approximately 700 emergency shelters in Florida alone.109 According to NOAAs National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI),84 Irma significantly damaged 65% of the buildings in the Keys and destroyed 25% of them. Zervas, C., 2009: Sea level variations of the United States 1854-2006. A. Sorrie, A. S. Weakley, D. B. Under the higher scenario, nighttime minimum temperatures above 75F and daytime maximum temperatures above 95F become the summer norm and nights above 80F and days above 100F, now relatively rare occurrences, become commonplace. WebThe Southeasts coastal plain and inland low-lying regions support a rapidly growing population, a tourism economy, critical industries, and important cultural resources that are highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. Traditionally their economies are resource-based, dependent on harvesting or extracting natural resources with little or no processing. WebCoastal Plains Trucking provides safe, superior logistics services to consistently deliver value to our customers. Guo, H., C. Weaver, S. P. Charles, A. Whitt, S. Dastidar, P. D'Odorico, J. D. Fuentes, J. S. Kominoski, A. R. Armitage, and S. C. Pennings, 2017: Coastal regime shifts: Rapid responses of coastal wetlands to changes in mangrove cover. For example, since the end of the last glacial maximum (about 19,000 years agothe most recent period of maximum ice extent),121 forests in the region have been transformed by warming temperatures, sea level rise, and glacial retreat.122,123 Spruce species that were once present in the regions forests have moved northward and have been replaced by oaks and other less cold-tolerant tree species that have expanded from the south.124 And along the coast, freeze-sensitive mangrove forests and other tropical coastal species have been expanding northward and upslope since the last glacial maximum.125,126,127,128,129, In the coming decades and centuries, climate change will continue to transform many ecosystems throughout the Southeast,6,130,131,132,133,134,135 which would affect many of the societal benefits these ecosystems provide. Griffith, J. DOT-VNTSC-OSTR-17-01. Climate change is expected to intensify the hydrologic cycle and increase the frequency and severity of extreme events. City of Atlanta, 2015: Climate Action Plan. Coral elevation and volume in the Florida Keys have been declining in recent decades,245 and present-day temperatures in the region are already close to bleaching thresholds; hence, it is likely that many of the remaining coral reefs in the Southeast region will be lost in the coming decades.246,247 In addition to warming temperatures, accelerated ocean acidification is also expected to contribute to coral reef mortality and decline.248,249 When coral reefs are lost, coastal communities lose the many benefits provided by these valuable ecosystems, including lost tourism opportunities, a decline in fisheries, and a decrease in wave protection.246,247. A. Knott, and C. M. Oswalt, 2017: Divergence of species responses to climate change. Peaches also require warm temperatures at specific times during their development.259 If the warm temperatures come too early, the chill periods could be too short or the peach blossoms can flower too soon and be in danger of late freeze impacts. The size of a business operation and the markets it can sell to impact its effectiveness and efficiency. High temperatures, increases in accumulated plant material on the forest floor, and a four-month seasonal drought in the fall of 2016 collectively produced the worst wildfires the region has seen in a century. Broadband adoption recommendations. Balch, J. K., B. In pursuing economic Salary Search: Veterinary Assistant/Technician salaries in El Campo, TX. A study of hazard management plans (20042008) in 84 selected rural southeastern counties found these plans scored low across various criteria.288 The rural, geographically remote locations contributed to more difficult logistics in reaching people. Lafayette, LA. The Southeasts diverse natural systems, which provide many benefits to society, will be transformed by climate change. WebThe Mesa brand of liquid and solid colorants has a legacy of quality and reliability. Oswalt, S. N., W. B. Smith, P. D. Miles, and S. A. Pugh, 2014: Forest Resources of the United States, 2012: A technical document supporting the Forest Service 2010 update of the RPA Assessment. 7: Ecosystems, Figure 7.4).179 Some problematic invasive species are expected to be favored by changing winters. A. Langley, W. S. Walker, I. C. Feller, R. Schaub, and S. K. Chapman, 2016: Mangrove range expansion rapidly increases coastal wetland carbon storage. Sakai, A., and W. Larcher, 1987: Frost Survival of Plants: Responses and Adaptation to Freezing Stress. Wyman, M., S. Malone, T. Stein, and C. Johnson, 2012: Race and wildfire risk perceptions among rural forestland owners in north-central Florida. Martin, J. H., and L. W. McEachron, 1996: Historical annotated review of winter kills of marine organisms in Texas bays. Fu, T.-M., Y. Zheng, F. Paulot, J. Mao, and R. M. Yantosca, 2015: Positive but variable sensitivity of August surface ozone to large-scale warming in the southeast United States. Rural communities are integral to the Southeasts cultural heritage and to the strong agricultural and forest products industries across the region. NOAA, Georgia Sea Grant, Athens, GA, 82 pp. Books, 2003: Modeling mangrove forest migration along the southwest coast of Florida under climate change. NOAA Tech Memo OAR CPO-1. 743808. Notaro, M., M. Schummer, Y. Zhong, S. Vavrus, L. Van Den Elsen, J. Coluccy, and C. Hoving, 2016: Projected influences of changes in weather severity on autumn-winter distributions of dabbling ducks in the Mississippi and Atlantic flyways during the twenty-first century. For example, the distribution of tropical herbivorous fish has been expanding in response to warmer waters, which has resulted in the tropicalization of some temperate marine ecosystems and decreases in the cover of valuable macroalgal plant communities.179 A decrease in the growth of sea turtles in the West Atlantic has been linked to higher ocean temperatures.237 The impacts to coral reef ecosystems have been and are expected to be particularly dire. Jurjonas, M., and E. Seekamp, 2018: Rural coastal community resilience: Assessing a framework in eastern North Carolina. Ellison, A. M., M. S. Bank, B. D. Clinton, E. A. Colburn, K. Elliott, C. R. Ford, D. R. Foster, B. D. Kloeppel, J. D. Knoepp, G. M. Lovett, J. Mohan, D. A. Orwig, N. L. Rodenhouse, W. V. Sobczak, K. A. Stinson, J. K. Stone, C. M. Swan, J. Thompson, B. Mayor's Office of Sustainability, Atlanta, GA, 48 pp. Recent changes in metropolitan-nonmetropolitan migration streams. In pursuing economic development, some communities have a local focus. This assessment builds on the above concerns described in the Third National Climate Assessment (NCA3) and includes impacts to urban and rural landscapes as well as natural systems. Climate trends and possible climate futures show patterns that are already impactingand are projected to further impactrural sectors, from agriculture and forestry to human health and labor productivity. Lewis, T.K. before making use of copyrighted material. Desantis, L. R. G., S. Bhotika, K. Williams, and F. E. Putz, 2007: Sea-level rise and drought interactions accelerate forest decline on the Gulf Coast of Florida, USA. A. There ishigh confidencethat Southeast coastal cities are already experiencing record numbers of high tide flooding events, andwithout significant adaptation measures,it islikelythey will be impacted by daily high tide flooding. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 40 (1): 97-118. The Southeasts diverse natural systems, which provide many benefits to society, will be transformed by climate change (very likely, high confidence). Synthesis Report. Higher temperatures can result in decreasing productivity of some cultivated crops, including cotton, corn, soybeans, and rice.7 Livestock, which includes hogs and pigs, horses, ponies, mules, burros, and donkeys as well as poultry and processed poultry for consumption (for example, chicken nuggets), is a large component of the agricultural sector for these states and the Nation.258 Livestock are all vulnerable to heat stress, and their care under projected future conditions would require new or enhanced adaptive strategies (Ch. Williams, C. M., H. A. L. Henry, and B. J. Sinclair, 2015: Cold truths: How winter drives responses of terrestrial organisms to climate change. Coastal Plain's industry is mainly agriculture. Addington, R. N., S. J. Hudson, J. K. Hiers, M. D. Hurteau, T. F. Hutcherson, G. Matusick, and J. M. Parker, 2015: Relationships among wildfire, prescribed fire, and drought in a fire-prone landscape in the south-eastern United States. Sherrod, C. L., and C. McMillan, 1985: The distributional history and ecology of mangrove vegetation along the northern Gulf of Mexico coastal region. Among U.S. regions, the Southeast is projected to experience the highest costs associated with meeting increased electricity demands in a warmer world.35, The people of the rural Southeast confront a number of social stresses likely to add to the challenges posed by increases in climate stresses.283 Rural communities tend to be more vulnerable due to factors such as demography, occupations, earnings, literacy, poverty incidence, and community capacities (Ch. Change the way you dye fibers with a technology that uses no water and less energy than the classic bath-dyeing technology. industries and county or municipal well fields look for these higher yielding bedrock wells. Financial capital will follow where labor and land quality are high. Deal: Virtually the entire state to be impacted by Irma.. Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA), Climate Resilience Pilot Program, Washington, DC, 4 pp. go.ncsu.edu/Blue-Economy. Changing winter temperature extremes, wildfire patterns, sea levels, hurricanes, floods, droughts, and warming ocean temperatures are expected to redistribute species and greatly modify ecosystems (very likely, high confidence). Osland, M. J., N. M. Enwright, R. H. Day, C. A. Gabler, C. L. Stagg, and J. High tide flooding is now posing daily risks to businesses, neighborhoods, infrastructure, transportation, and ecosystems in the Southeast.1,2. In the Southeast, over 56% of land remains rural (nonmetropolitan) and home to approximately 16 million people, or about 17% percent of the regions population.250 These rural areas are important to the social and economic well-being of the Southeast. Brock, M. A., D. L. Nielsen, R. J. Shiel, J. D. Green, and J. D. Langley, 2003: Drought and aquatic community resilience: The role of eggs and seeds in sediments of temporary wetlands. Retirement destinations like metropolitan Brunswick and Pender counties are some of the fastest-growing areas in the state, while the least populated counties continue to experience population loss. Kozlowski, T. T., and S. G. Pallardy, 1997: Growth Control in Woody Plants. WebIn the Coastal Plain the landforms include forests, plains and prairies. Rapid population growth with associated urbanization and suburbanization over the last several decades has resulted in a more fine-grained forest landscape with smaller and more numerous forest patches.254 Agriculture, manufacturing, tourism, and other major economic sectors are spread across the Southeast region. Remote rural communities in the coastal area face fewer employment opportunities and longer distances to urban areas. U.S. Already, in response to climate change, plant hardiness zones in certain areas are moving northward and are expected to continue their northward and upslope progression.139,142,146,147 Continued reductions in the frequency and intensity of winter air temperature extremes are expected to change which species are able to survive and thrive in a given location (Figure 19.15). USDA Agricultural Research Service, Washington, DC, 61 pp. Permission of the copyright owner must be obtained Easterling, K.E. U.S. Geological Survey, Center for Coastal Geology, St. Petersburg, FL, various pp. Stevens, P. W., D. A. Blewett, R. E. Boucek, J. S. Rehage, B. L. Winner, J. M. Young, J. 9: Oceans, KM 2).35,252 While adaptation and resilience can moderate climate change impacts, rural areas generally face other stressors, such as poverty and limited access to healthcare, which will make coping to these climate-related challenges more difficult. Stone, 2015: Rising heat wave trends in large US cities. Cities such as Charleston and Miami have already begun to improve storm water infrastructure and explore natural and nature-based infrastructure design to reduce future flood risk. IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Such changes would negatively impact the regions labor-intensive agricultural industry and compound existing social stresses in rural areas related to limited local community capabilities and associated with rural demography, occupations, earnings, literacy, and poverty incidence (very likely, high confidence). NOAA National Weather Service (NWS), Silver Spring, MD, various pp. Habeeb, D., J. Vargo, and B. Between August 1115 2016, nearly half of southern Louisiana received at least 1214 inches of rainfall. Office of Sustainability, Louisville, KY, 24 pp. For companies involved in food processing, there are additional secondary economic risks associated with climate impacts on crops and livestock that could alter price or availability.64,255 Facilities that are energy- or water-intensive are more likely to face increases in the costs and decreases in the availability of these resources, with potential impacts to their economic competitiveness.246,255, Energy production, and its dependence on water availability, is a key concern in the Southeast, given the regions growing population and large, diversified economy. Figure 1. ), The Cherokee have been harvesting ramps, a wild onion (Allium tricoccum), in the southern Appalachians, their ancestral homelands, for thousands of years.264,265 Collecting ramps for food sustenance is only one aspect of this cultural tradition. Spanger-Siegfried, E., M. Fitzpatrick, and K. Dahl, 2014: Encroaching Tides: How Sea Level Rise and Tidal Flooding Threaten U.S. East and Gulf Coast Communities over the Next 30 Years. Although the appearance of tropical recreational fish, like snook for example, may be favorable for some anglers, the movement of tropical marine species is expected to greatly modify existing food webs and ecosystems (Ch. Nationally, there are only five large cities that have increasing trends exceeding the national average for all aspects of heat waves (timing, frequency, intensity, and duration), and three of these cities are in the Southeast regionBirmingham, New Orleans, and Raleigh. Harrigan, R. J., H. A. Thomassen, W. Buermann, and T. B. Smith, 2014: A continental risk assessment of West Nile virus under climate change. doi: Costanza, R., R. de Groot, P. Sutton, S. van der Ploeg, S. J. Anderson, I. Kubiszewski, S. Farber, and R. K. Turner, 2014: Changes in the global value of ecosystem services. Poloczanska, E. S., C. J. NOAA Tech. WebToggle navigation. In response to past climatic changes, many ecosystems in the Southeast were much different than those present today. We maintain a massive network of 480+ locations in the U.S. & The Lower Coastal Plain includes the actual coastal area of the state and the Sea Islands, as well as the Okefenokee Swamp. 9: Oceans, KM 3).234,235,236 Many species are sensitive to small changes in ocean temperature; hence, the distribution and abundance of marine organisms are expected to be greatly altered by increasing ocean temperatures. Many transportation and storm water systems have not been designed to withstand these events. Provancha, M. J., P. A. Schmalzer, and C. R. Hall, 1986: Effects of the December 1983 and January 1985 freezing air temperatures on select aquatic poikilotherms and plant species of Merritt Island, Florida. For example, certain insect species, including mosquitoes and tree-damaging beetles, are expected to move northward in response to climate change, which could affect human health and timber supplies.30,144,166,167,168,169,170,171,172 And some bird species, including certain ducks, are not expected to migrate as far south in response to milder winters,173 which could affect birding and hunting recreational opportunities. Many indicators of vulnerability are dynamic, so that adaptation and other changes can affect the patterns of vulnerability to heat and other climate stressors over time. Partridge, T. F., J. M. Winter, E. C. Osterberg, D. W. Hyndman, A. D. Kendall, and F. J. Magilligan, 2018: Spatially distinct seasonal patterns and forcings of the U.S. warming hole. Plant hardiness zone maps help convey the importance of winter air temperature extremes for species and natural systems in the Southeast. The regions more temperate ecosystems include hardwood forests, spruce-fir forests, pine-dominated forests, and salt marshes. Today, even rural residents who engage in farming earn most of their incomes from off-farm employment. Case Study: Charleston, South Carolina, Begins Planning and Reinvesting for Sea Level Rise, Case Study: A Lesson Learned for Community Resettlement: Isle de Jean Charles Band of Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw Tribe, Case Study: Coastal and Inland Impacts of Extreme Rainfall. USDA-NASS, 2017: Statistics by State [web site]. National Hurricane Center, 111 pp. | Avery, M. L., R. M. Engeman, K. L. Keacher, J. S. Humphrey, W. E. Bruce, T. C. Mathies, and R. E. Mauldin, 2010: Cold weather and the potential range of invasive Burmese pythons. The reasons for this have been the subject of much research, and hypothesized causes include both human and natural influences.13,14,15,16,17 However, since the early 1960s, the Southeast has been warming at a similar rate as the rest of the United States (Ch. Winter air temperature extremes (for example, freezing and chilling events) constrain the northern limit of many tropical and subtropical species.30,48,127,132,135,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,148,149,150,152,166,167,168,169,170,172,173,174,175,176,177,178 In the future, warmer winter temperatures are expected to facilitate the northward movement of cold-sensitive species, often at the expense of cold-tolerant species.132,135,142,145,149,150,152,166,169,173,179 Certain ecosystems are located near thresholds where small changes in winter air temperature regimes can trigger comparatively large and abrupt landscape-scale ecological changes (i.e., ecological regime shifts).135,145,152, Changing fire regimes are expected to have a large impact on natural systems.

Visual Boy Advance Full Screen Aspect Ratio, Pandas Map Values From One Column To Another, Articles C